AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Apoptosis occurs normally during development and aging and as a homeostatic mechanism to maintain cell populations in tissues. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents (Norbury and Hickson, 2001).

Detailed explanation-2: -Lysosomes Lysosomes play a fundamental role in the intracellular degradation of endocytosed macromolecules and in regulating the correct turnover of long-lived proteins and organelles. They are involved in multiple pathways of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy [13, 14, 15].

Detailed explanation-3: -Apoptosis is characterised by a series of typical morphological features, such as shrinkage of the cell, fragmentation into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies and rapid phagocytosis by neighbouring cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -13. Which of the following is involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis? Explanation: Cytochrome c is the compound involved in intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.