AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A phosphatase is an enzyme that removes a phosphate group from a protein. Together, these two families of enzymes act to modulate the activities of the proteins in a cell, often in response to external stimuli.

Detailed explanation-2: -Phosphatase is an enzyme that removes a phosphate group from its substrate by hydrolysing phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and a molecule with a free hydroxyl group.

Detailed explanation-3: -Protein phosphatases Phosphatases have the opposite function of kinases. They remove the phosphate group from phosphoproteins by hydrolyzing phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate group and a molecule with a free hydroxyl group (28, 29).

Detailed explanation-4: -Protein phosphatases are the enzymes that hydrolyze phospho-ester bonds in phosphorylated proteins. They play critical roles in cell regulation, given their ability to reverse the effects of protein kinases.

Detailed explanation-5: -Protein kinases each catalyze the enzymatic reaction of removing a phosphate group from ATP and covalently attaching it to one of three hydroxyl-containing amino acids, Ser, Thr, and Tyr, in eukaryotes.