THE CELL
CELL COMMUNICATION
|
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
|
G protein
|
|
|
protein kinase
|
|
|
adenylyl cyclase
|
|
|
protein phosphatases
|
Detailed explanation-1: -Adenylyl cyclase (ADCY, EC number 4.6. 1.1), also known as adenylate cyclase, is an enzyme which catalyzes the cyclization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) which requires the cleavage of pyrophosphate (PPi).
Detailed explanation-2: -Many hormones interact with their target cells by binding to receptors located on the external surface of the target cells’ plasma membrane and subsequently stimulating the enzyme, adenyl cyclase, which is located within the plasma membrane.
Detailed explanation-3: -The alpha subunit with GTP binds to Adenylyl cyclase. This converts ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP). The cAMP binds to the regulatory subunit of cAMP dependent protein kinase A. The binding causes a conformational change that releases and activates the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA).
Detailed explanation-4: -When adenylyl cyclase is activated, it catalyses the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which leads to an increase in intracellular levels of cyclic AMP.