AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Epinephrine causes a prompt increase in blood glucose concentration in the postabsorptive state. This effect is mediated by a transient increase in hepatic glucose production and an inhibition of glucose disposal by insulin-dependent tissues.

Detailed explanation-2: -Epinephrine, along with another hormone called glucagon, is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen in liver cells. Glycogen is a form of energy storage in animals. Epinephrine binds to a receptor on the outside of a liver cell causing a conformational change to occur.

Detailed explanation-3: -Answer and Explanation: Epinephrine triggers the breakdown of glycogen in liver cells by binding to beta-adrenergic receptors in the plasma membrane of the liver cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Epinephrine increases net hepatic glucose output (NHGO) mainly via increased gluconeogenesis, whereas glucagon increases NHGO mainly via increased glycogenolysis. The aim of the present study was to determine how the two hormones interact in controlling glucose production.

Detailed explanation-5: -Epinephrine stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in both liver and muscle cells by first stimulating an increase in intracellular cAMP.