AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A kinase is an enzyme that attaches a phosphate group to a protein. A phosphatase is an enzyme that removes a phosphate group from a protein. Together, these two families of enzymes act to modulate the activities of the proteins in a cell, often in response to external stimuli.

Detailed explanation-2: -Phosphatase is an enzyme that removes a phosphate group from its substrate by hydrolysing phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and a molecule with a free hydroxyl group.

Detailed explanation-3: -Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is an abundant protein that catalyzes most serine–threonine dephosphorylation in cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Protein phosphatases have recently been identified that inactivate MAP kinases and turn off intracellular signalling pathways.

Detailed explanation-5: -In biochemistry, dephosphorylation is the removal of a phosphate (PO43−) group from an organic compound by hydrolysis.