AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Signaling molecules are often called ligands, a general term for molecules that bind specifically to other molecules (such as receptors). The message carried by a ligand is often relayed through a chain of chemical messengers inside the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Once the signaling molecule and receptor interact, a cascade of events called signal transduction usually amplifies the signal inside the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Signal amplification increases or amplifies the signal generated from the probe molecule hybridized to the target nucleic acid sequence. The advantages of signal amplification methods include specific detection, dynamic range, ease-of-use, and reproducibility.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cells typically receive signals in chemical form via various signaling molecules. When a signaling molecule joins with an appropriate receptor on a cell surface, this binding triggers a chain of events that not only carries the signal to the cell interior, but amplifies it as well.