THE CELL
CELL COMMUNICATION
|
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
|
in the cytoplasm because steroids are polar
|
|
|
in the cytoplasm because steroid are nonpolar
|
|
|
on the membrane because steroids are polar
|
|
|
on the membrane because steroids are nonpolar
|
Detailed explanation-1: -Steroid hormones estrogen and testosterone are non-polar and can pass through the lipid bilayer without binding to a membrane receptor. Nonpolar steroid hormones bind to special receptors in the cell cytoplasm. These receptors are modified and migrate to the cell nucleus where they activate transcription.
Detailed explanation-2: -Steroid hormone receptors are found in the nucleus, cytosol, and also on the plasma membrane of target cells. They are generally intracellular receptors (typically cytoplasmic or nuclear) and initiate signal transduction for steroid hormones which lead to changes in gene expression over a time period of hours to days.
Detailed explanation-3: -Receptors for steroid and thyroid hormones are located inside target cells, in the cytoplasm or nucleus, and function as ligand-dependent transcription factors. That is to say, the hormone-receptor complex binds to promoter regions of responsive genes and stimulate or sometimes inhibit transcription from those genes.
Detailed explanation-4: -Some steroid receptors, such as glucocorticoid (GC) and androgen (A) receptors (GR and AR, respectively), are primarily in the cytoplasm as monomers bound to heat shock proteins (HSPs).
Detailed explanation-5: -Cortisol binds to a cytoplasmic receptor that translocates to the nucleus and modulates transcription in multiple tissues.