AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The signal transduction process links the signal molecule and the receptor protein to bring about a cellular response. 2. What are the 3 steps of signal transduction? Reception, Transduction, and Response are the three steps in the process of signal transduction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Signal transduction pathway involves the binding of extracellular signaling molecules and ligands to receptors located on the cell surface or inside the cell that trigger events inside the cell, to invoke a response. The response can then alter the cell’s metabolism, shape, and gene expression (Krauss, 2006).

Detailed explanation-3: -Depending on the ligand’s origin (from the same cell, from the neighbour cell or from far distance), recptor-ligand interaction and signaling pathway activation is classified into four different types: autocrine, endocrine, paracrine and juxtacrine.