AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The activation of adenylyl cyclase can result in the manufacture of hundreds or even thousands of cAMP molecules. These cAMP molecules activate the enzyme protein kinase A (PKA), which then phosphorylates multiple protein substrates by attaching phosphate groups to them.

Detailed explanation-2: -Protein kinases transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP onto target proteins and play a critical role in signal transduction and other cellular processes.

Detailed explanation-3: -The transfer of the phosphate group is catalyzed by an enzyme called a kinase, and cells contain many different kinases that phosphorylate different targets.

Detailed explanation-4: -The most important donor of phosphate groups in the cell is a molecule called adenosine triphosphate, commonly known by its abbreviation ATP. A broad family of enzymes called kinases catalyze transfer of a phosphate group from TP to an alcohol acceptor.

Detailed explanation-5: -A protein kinase catalyses the transfer of -phosphate from ATP (or GTP) to its protein substrates while a protein phosphatase catalyses the transfer of the phosphate from a phosphoprotein to a water molecule.