THE CELL
CELL COMMUNICATION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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It is a protein that can be activated by a signal and then cause the transcription of DNA to mRNA
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It is a lipid that can diffuse directly through the plasma membrane and bind to a cytoplasmic receptor
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It is a hydrophobic signal molecule that binds to a receptor on the external side of the cell membrane
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It is a protein that determines whether or not a ribosome binds to the endoplasmic reticulum
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Detailed explanation-1: -A transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. So, it helps to recruit the RNA polymerase for transcription by acting as an activator along with other proteins.
Detailed explanation-2: -Transcription factor activation is complex and may involve multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways, including the kinases PKA, MAPKs, JAKs, and PKCs, stimulated by cell-surface receptors [8, 9]. Transcription factors may also be directly activated by ligands such as glucocorticoids and vitamins A and D [5].
Detailed explanation-3: -Transcription Factors and Combinatorial Control Transcription factors (TFs) are regulatory proteins whose function is to activate (or more rarely, to inhibit) transcription of DNA by binding to specific DNA sequences.
Detailed explanation-4: -The transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Nanog act as triggers for the induction of somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells. Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Nanog are all essential in stem cells and play an important role in biological processes.