AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cells with contractile rings also use the membrane fusion machinery to separate the daughter cells after ring constriction forms a cleavage furrow [5].

Detailed explanation-2: -At this point, the cell membrane fuses shut on either side of the contractile ring – creating the membranes of two new and independent cells. Cleavage furrows are primarily found in animal cells and some algal cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -During cytokinesis in animal cells, a ring of actin filaments forms at the metaphase plate. The ring contracts, forming a cleavage furrow, which divides the cell in two. In plant cells, Golgi vesicles coalesce at the former metaphase plate, forming a phragmoplast.

Detailed explanation-4: -The cleavage furrow in animal cells and the phragmoplast in plant cells are complex structures made up of microtubules and microfilaments that aide in the final separation of the cells into two identical daughter cells.

Detailed explanation-5: -In a typical animal mitosis, a cleavage furrow forms at the equatorial cortex after anaphase. This furrow then advances inwards to separate the two daughter cells.