AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cells ingest fluid, molecules, and particles by endocytosis, in which localized regions of the plasma membrane invaginate and pinch off to form endocytic vesicles. Many of the endocytosed molecules and particles end up in lysosomes, where they are degraded.

Detailed explanation-2: -Endocytosis is the process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with a cell membrane. Exocytosis is the process during which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Endocytosis is the process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle. These can include things like nutrients to support the cell or pathogens that immune cells engulf and destroy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Pinocytosis. A variation of endocytosis is called pinocytosis. This literally means “cell drinking” and was named at a time when the assumption was that the cell was purposefully taking in extracellular fluid.

Detailed explanation-5: -Phagocytosis. Phagocytosis (literally, “cell eating”) is a form of endocytosis in which large particles, such as cells or cellular debris, are transported into the cell.