AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Non-motile cilia known as primary cilia receive signals from nearby cells and act as antennae for the cells. Flagella help in locomotion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Flagella also act as sensory organs to detect temperature and pH changes.

Detailed explanation-2: -The dynein motor proteins generate the motive force to bend the flagellum and cause it to move with a whip‐like motion through the surrounding fluid. This motion is referred to as the flagellar or ciliary beat.

Detailed explanation-3: -Flagella are microscopic hair-like structures involved in the locomotion of a cell. The word “flagellum” means “whip”. The flagella have a whip-like appearance that helps to propel a cell through the liquid. Some special flagella are used in few organisms as sensory organs that can sense changes in pH and temperature.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cilia and flagella are important cellular organelles, which are composed of more than 600 kinds of proteins and perform various kind of functions in cells. Recent information about genome revealed that lack of flagella component genes leads to diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease or infertility.