AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Golgi apparatus is the central organelle mediating protein and lipid transport within the eukaryotic cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves important functions particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins.

Detailed explanation-3: -The ER is the largest organelle in the cell and is a major site of protein synthesis and transport, protein folding, lipid and steroid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and calcium storage [1–7].

Detailed explanation-4: -COPII-coated vesicles transport cargo proteins from the ER to the Golgi; COPI-coated vesicles transport cargo in the retrograde direction (from the cis-Golgi back to the ER) and between Golgi cisternae; and clathrin-coated vesicles form from the plasma membrane and the TGN to fuse with endosomes or lysosomes (Fig.

Detailed explanation-5: -The RER is also located near the Golgi apparatus, which transports, modifies, and packages proteins for delivery to targeted destinations. Many proteins that are synthesized in the RER are packaged into vesicles and transported to the Golgi apparatus.