AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle responsible for many cellular functions, including the synthesis of proteins and lipids, and regulation of intracellular calcium levels.

Detailed explanation-2: -The ER has a central role in lipid and protein biosynthesis. Its membrane is the site of production of all the transmembrane proteins and lipids for most of the cell’s organelles, including the ER itself, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, endosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane.

Detailed explanation-3: -Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized enzymes synthesize the vast majority of cellular lipids.

Detailed explanation-4: -The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a contiguous membrane network extending from the nuclear envelope to the entire cytoplasm and making contact with plasma membrane [1, 2, 3, 4]. It is responsible for protein synthesis, modification and quality control.

Detailed explanation-5: -From the endoplasmic reticulum, proteins are transported in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus, where they are further processed and sorted for transport to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion from the cell.