AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -It is responsible for packing proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum into membrane-bound vesicles (tiny compartments of lipid bilayer that store molecules) which then translocate to the cell membrane.

Detailed explanation-2: -From the endoplasmic reticulum, proteins are transported in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus, where they are further processed and sorted for transport to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion from the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -The organelle that carries substances to other parts of the cell is the vesicles. Vesicles are small spheres made of cell membrane that act like shipping containers. They can be transported by proteins along the microtubules of the cytoskeleton and move materials around the cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, functions as a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion.

Detailed explanation-5: -COPII-coated vesicles transport cargo proteins from the ER to the Golgi; COPI-coated vesicles transport cargo in the retrograde direction (from the cis-Golgi back to the ER) and between Golgi cisternae; and clathrin-coated vesicles form from the plasma membrane and the TGN to fuse with endosomes or lysosomes (Fig.