AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During active transport, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is “active” because it requires the use of energy (usually in the form of ATP). It is the opposite of passive transport.

Detailed explanation-2: -Active transport requires energy for the process by transporting molecules against a concentration or electrochemical gradient.

Detailed explanation-3: -Yes, active transport can only be achieved with the help of ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate. Active transport refers to the movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This movement against the concentration gradient cannot be achieved without some type of energy.

Detailed explanation-4: -In an antiporter two species of ions or other solutes are pumped in opposite directions across a membrane. One of these species is allowed to flow from high to low concentration, which yields the entropic energy to drive the transport of the other solute from a low concentration region to a high one.

Detailed explanation-5: -A concentration gradient occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than another. In passive transport, particles will diffuse down a concentration gradient, from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration, until they are evenly spaced.