AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitosis has begun chromosomes condense from long strands into rod like structures. The nuclear membrane dissolves. Paired chromatids align at the cell’s equator. The chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Metaphase Metaphase is a stage during the process of cell division (mitosis or meiosis). Normally, individual chromosomes are spread out in the cell nucleus. During metaphase, the nucleus dissolves and the cell’s chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Several DNA binding proteins catalyze the condensation process, including cohesin and condensin. Cohesin forms rings that hold the sister chromatids together, whereas condensin forms rings that coil the chromosomes into highly compact forms. The mitotic spindle also begins to develop during prophase.

Detailed explanation-4: -The spindle fibers are the structures that form during the prophase which help in the movement of the chromosomes. The spindle fiber grows from the microtubules which are extended from the centrioles at the opposite poles of the cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -Mitosis begins with prophase, during which chromosomes recruit condensin and begin to undergo a condensation process that will continue until metaphase.