AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration (i.e., higher concentration of water) to an area of higher solute concentration (i.e., lower concentration of water) till equilibrium is reached.

Detailed explanation-2: -The end result is an equal concentration, or equilibrium, of molecules on both sides of the membrane. At equilibrium, movement of molecules does not stop. At equilibrium, there is equal movement of materials in both directions.

Detailed explanation-3: -Particles will tend to diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration to reach equilibrium. However, if the membrane is not permeable to the particles, then instead of particles moving or diffusing, water will move or diffuse through the cell membrane to reach equilibrium.

Detailed explanation-4: -Osmosis is a special type of diffusion, namely the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane. Water readily crosses a membrane down its potential gradient from high to low potential (Fig. 19.3) [4]. Osmotic pressure is the force required to prevent water movement across the semipermeable membrane.

Detailed explanation-5: -a) In osmosis, solute moves across a permeable membrane until equilibrium is achieved. In diffusion, water molecules move across a permeable membrane until equilibrium is achieved.