AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Endocytosis. Endocytosis (endo = internal, cytosis = transport mechanism) is a general term for the various types of active transport that move particles into a cell by enclosing them in a vesicle made out of plasma membrane. There are variations of endocytosis, but all follow the same basic process.

Detailed explanation-2: -ENDOCYTOSIS AND EXOCYTOSIS: MOVEMENT OF LARGE PARTICLES It is possible for large molecules to enter a cell by a process called endocytosis, where a small piece of the cell membrane wraps around the particle and is brought into the cell. If the particle is solid, endocytosis is also called phagocytosis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Endocytosis and exocytosis are the bulk transport mechanisms used in eukaryotes. As these transport processes require energy, they are known as active transport processes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and sodium-potassium pump are examples of active transport while diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis are examples of passive transport.

Detailed explanation-5: -Phagocytosis targets large structures (e.g., bacteria, food particles…) and is not particularly specific. As its name suggests, receptor-mediated endocytosis is specific for substances recognized by a cell-surface receptor. Exocytosis is typically the secretion of large molecules.