AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During prophase, the complex of DNA and proteins contained in the nucleus, known as chromatin, condenses.

Detailed explanation-2: -Prophase-the first stage of mitosis. Spindles attached to kinetochores begin to shorten. This exerts a force on the sister chromatids that pulls them apart. Spindle fibers continue to shorten, pulling chromatids to opposite poles.

Detailed explanation-3: -In prophase, the first step in mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes condense and become visible.

Detailed explanation-4: -Pachytene – Crossing over of genetic material occurs between non-sister chromatids. Diplotene – Synapsis ends with disappearance of synaptonemal complex; homologous pairs remain attached at chiasmata. Diakinesis – Chromosomes become fully condensed and nuclear membrane disintegrates prior to metaphase I.

Detailed explanation-5: -The first prophase of meiosis is the longest and consists of three main stages. First, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, next homologous chromosomes physically touch one another, and finally, synapsed chromosomes communicate genetic information to one another.