AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell, as s hown in Figure below. Exocytosis occurs when a cell produces substances for export, such as a protein, or when the cell is getting rid of a waste product or a toxin.

Detailed explanation-2: -Exocytosis serves the following purposes: Removing toxins or waste products from the cell’s interior: Cells create waste or toxins that must be removed from the cell to maintain homeostasis. For instance, in aerobic respiration, cells produce the waste products carbon dioxide and water during ATP formation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Exocytosis is the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane and results in the discharge of vesicle content into the extracellular space and the incorporation of new proteins and lipids into the plasma membrane.

Detailed explanation-4: -Exocytosis serves to expel the waste from the cells in order to maintain a stable internal environment. Cellular membrane growth and repair – During the process of endocytosis, cells use proteins and lipids from the plasma membrane to produce vesicles.

Detailed explanation-5: -Pinocytosis is non-specific. Phagocytosis targets large structures (e.g., bacteria, food particles…) and is not particularly specific. As its name suggests, receptor-mediated endocytosis is specific for substances recognized by a cell-surface receptor. Exocytosis is typically the secretion of large molecules.