AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each B cell clone makes antibody molecules with a unique antigen-binding site. Initially, during B cell development in the bone marrow, the antibody molecules are inserted into the plasma membrane, where they serve as receptors for antigen.

Detailed explanation-2: -In addition to IgM, B1 B cells also produce polyreactive IgA antibodies that contribute to mucosal immunity along with IgA secreted by FO B cells (8).

Detailed explanation-3: -B cells create antibodies. B lymphocytes, also called B cells, create a type of protein called an antibody. These antibodies bind to pathogens or to foreign substances, such as toxins, to neutralize them.

Detailed explanation-4: -B lymphocytes are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Also called B cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -Helper T cells stimulate the B cell through the binding of CD40L on the T cell to CD40 on the B cell, through interaction of other TNF-TNF-receptor family ligand pairs, and by the directed release of cytokines.