AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The innate immune response is a rapid reaction. Innate immune cells recognize certain molecules found on many pathogens. These cells also react to signaling molecules released by the body in response to infection. Through these actions, innate immune cells quickly begin fighting an infection.

Detailed explanation-2: -The first responders are cells known as neutrophils and these remove foreign material and bacteria from the wound. The next wave of immune cells to arrive at the scene includes monocytes. These cells normally reside within the spleen and bone marrow, and can be mobilized in response to injury or infection.

Detailed explanation-3: -When harmful microbes (tiny particles) enter and invade the body, the body produces white blood cells to fight the infection. The white blood cells identify the microbe, produce antibodies to fight it, and help other immune responses to occur. They also ‘remember’ the attack. This is how vaccinations work.

Detailed explanation-4: -The immune system protects your child’s body from outside invaders. These include germs such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and toxins (chemicals made by microbes). The immune system is made up of different organs, cells, and proteins that work together.