AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Regular visual observation of the patient during the transfusion and encouragement to report new symptoms. Baseline pulse rate, blood pressure (BP), temperature and respiratory rate (RR) must be recorded no more than 60 minutes pre-transfusion.

Detailed explanation-2: -The 30-minute rule states that red blood cell (RBC) units left out of controlled temperature storage for more than 30 minutes should not be returned to storage for reissue; the 4-hour rule states that transfusion of RBC units should be completed within 4 hours of their removal from controlled temperature storage.

Detailed explanation-3: -You may be offered a blood transfusion in a non-emergency situation if: you are very anaemic just before your baby is due. If this is the case, there is a risk that, if you bleed even a small amount during birth, you may become severely anaemic. you bleed heavily during birth but the bleeding has stopped.

Detailed explanation-4: -A pre-transfusion sample should be retained for at least 3 days post-transfusion, to ensure that repeat ABO grouping of the pre-transfusion sample can be performed in the event of an acute transfusion reaction.