AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The most common signs and symptoms include fever, chills, urticaria (hives), and itching. Some symptoms resolve with little or no treatment. However, respiratory distress, high fever, hypotension (low blood pressure), and red urine (hemoglobinuria) can indicate a more serious reaction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Immediate adverse effects of transfusion Cause: Fever and chills during transfusion are thought to be caused by recipient antibodies reacting with white cell antigens or white cell fragments in the blood product or due to cytokines which accumulate in the blood product during storage.

Detailed explanation-3: -Upon completion of the transfusion, the patient’s vital signs (temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure) should be recorded, and compared with the previous values. The ordering physician or designee who is familiar with the patient should be available by telephone to handle any complications.

Detailed explanation-4: -As the nurse you want to educate the patient to report signs and symptoms associated with blood transfusion reactions, which would include: sweating, chills, hives, headache, back pain, pruritus (itching), shortness of breath, and nausea.