AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Polycythemia vera is a neoplastic clonal blood disorder with autonomous proliferation of red blood cells. Increased red blood cells result in a negative feedback suppression of EPO.

Detailed explanation-2: -Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common cause of low EPO levels. Damaged kidneys can’t produce as much EPO, leading to low levels. CKD and low EPO levels can lead to anemia. Polycythemia vera can also lead to low levels of EPO.

Detailed explanation-3: -When your kidneys are damaged, they produce less erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone that signals your bone marrow-the spongy tissue inside most of your bones-to make red blood cells. With less EPO, your body makes fewer red blood cells, and less oxygen is delivered to your organs and tissues.

Detailed explanation-4: -In severe cases of anemia, EPO levels in the blood may be a thousand times higher than normal. Unusually low levels may be because of polycythemia vera. This is a bone marrow disorder that causes your body to make too many red blood cells. Low EPO levels may also mean you have kidney disease.