AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Dyspnea, fever, chills, facial flushing, and severe pain may occur, especially in the lumbar area. Shock may develop, causing a rapid, feeble pulse; cold, clammy skin; low blood pressure; and nausea and vomiting. Jaundice may follow acute hemolysis.

Detailed explanation-2: -This can lead to a serious transfusion reaction. The immune system attacks the donated blood cells, causing them to burst. Today, all blood is carefully screened. Transfusion reactions are rare.

Detailed explanation-3: -The most common immediate adverse reactions to transfusion are fever, chills and urticaria. The most potentially significant reactions include acute and delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions and bacterial contamination of blood products.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hemolytic transfusion reactions are one possible complication from transfusions. Hemolysis is the rupture of red blood cells, and can occur intravascularly, or in the circulation, or extravascularly, or in the reticuloendothelial system. Hemolytic transfusion reactions can be immune or non-immune mediated.

Detailed explanation-5: -The most common cause of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is ABO incompatibility, which is typically due to human error that results in a recipient receiving the incorrect blood product. Rarely, other blood type incompatibilities can cause AHTR, the most common of which is Kidd antigen incompatibility.