AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Passive immunization with serum or globulin (antibodies) from immune persons has been used to prevent viral infections. Immunoglobulins, such as those used against hepatitis and respiratory syncytial virus, are effective only for prevention, not for treatment.

Detailed explanation-2: -Passive immunity can occur naturally, such as when an infant receives a mother’s antibodies through the placenta or breast milk, or artificially, such as when a person receives antibodies in the form of an injection (gamma globulin injection).

Detailed explanation-3: -People can also get passive immunity through antibody-containing blood products such as immune globulin, which may be given when immediate protection from a specific disease is needed.

Detailed explanation-4: -Antiserum is the general term used for preparations that contains antibodies. Artificial active immunization is where the microbe, or parts of it, are injected into the person before they are able to take it in naturally. If whole microbes are used, they are pre-treated, attenuated vaccines.

Detailed explanation-5: -Artificial active immunity is the result of vaccination. During a vaccination, a weakened, dead, or partial pathogen is injected into the body. The body then produces antibodies against that pathogen for later use. Common examples of vaccines include Polio, Hepatitis B, Chickenpox, and Smallpox.