AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The inflammatory response (inflammation) occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.

Detailed explanation-2: -It is now recognized that inflammation induced by microbial infection and tissue damage is an essential mechanism of innate immune response. Proper inflammatory responses provide broad spectrum protection against infections and orchestrate long-term adaptive immunity toward specific pathogens.

Detailed explanation-3: -Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system that can be triggered by a variety of factors, including pathogens, damaged cells and toxic compounds.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are two examples of passive naturally acquired immunity: The placental transfer of IgG from mother to fetus during pregnancy that generally lasts 4 to 6 months after birth; and The IgA and IgG found in human colostrum and milk of babies who are nursed.