AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Selectable marker genes are conditionally dominant genes that confer an ability to grow in the presence of applied selective agents that are normally toxic to plant cells or inhibitory to plant growth, such as antibiotics and herbicides.

Detailed explanation-2: -Positive or selection markers are selectable markers that confer selective advantage to the host organism. An example would be antibiotic resistance, which allows the host organism to survive antibiotic selection.

Detailed explanation-3: -Selectable marker genes are pivotal for the development of plant transformation technologies because marker genes allow researchers to identify or isolate the cells that are expressing the cloned DNA, to monitor and select the transformed progeny.

Detailed explanation-4: -Selectable markers are sequences that can be used to distinguish between transformed and non-transformed genes. Reporter genes are test sequences whose expression can be quantified. They act as markers for transformed genes by providing resistance against toxic substances.

Detailed explanation-5: -Usually when Addgene says “bacterial resistance” it means “selection for the plasmid in E. coli for cloning/plasmid maintenance” and “selectable marker” means it’s an active marker when transferred to the organism of interest.