AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene’s DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule. Transcription is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template).

Detailed explanation-2: -Transcription, as related to genomics, is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence. This copy, called messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the gene’s protein information encoded in DNA.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. After the mRNA is processed, it carries the instructions to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Translation occurs at the ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins.

Detailed explanation-4: -A ribosome converts mRNA into a protein. A ribosome is an organelle that is found within the cell of an organism. The job of this organelle is to take the mRNA, or the code that comes from the transcription phase (i.e., the process of copying DNA), and form a peptide chain according to what the code describes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.