AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -The process by which mRNA directs protein synthesis with the assistance of tRNA is called translation.

Detailed explanation-3: -During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase (green) uses DNA as a template to produce a pre-mRNA transcript (pink). The pre-mRNA is processed to form a mature mRNA molecule that can be translated to build the protein molecule (polypeptide) encoded by the original gene.

Detailed explanation-4: -The role of mRNA is to carry protein information from the DNA in a cell’s nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm (watery interior), where the protein-making machinery reads the mRNA sequence and translates each three-base codon into its corresponding amino acid in a growing protein chain.

Detailed explanation-5: -In translation, the codons of an mRNA are read in order (from the 5’ end to the 3’ end) by molecules called transfer RNAs, or tRNAs. Each tRNA has an anticodon, a set of three nucleotides that binds to a matching mRNA codon through base pairing.