AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Definition. A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis (stop signals).

Detailed explanation-2: -The correct answer is 300 nucleotides. The nucleotide bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) in various combinations create the genetic makeup of an organism. The combination of these bases is responsible for genetic expression.

Detailed explanation-3: -anticodon – a sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that bond to a complementary sequence on an mRNA molecule. The anticodon sequence determines the amino acid that the tRNA carries.

Detailed explanation-4: -Each group of three bases in mRNA constitutes a codon, and each codon specifies a particular amino acid (hence, it is a triplet code). The mRNA sequence is thus used as a template to assemble-in order-the chain of amino acids that form a protein.

Detailed explanation-5: -The structure of a polypeptide chain is a linear sequence of amino acids. Each amino acid is connected to the next with a peptide bond. There are twenty different types of amino acids in cells. Each amino acid has a central carbon attached to an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable, the R group.