AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -nucleotides-the building blocks of DNA and RNA molecules that contain the cell’s genetic code. Adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, thymidine, and uridine are all nucleotides. polypeptide chain – the long chain of amino acids that is created during translation.

Detailed explanation-2: -A protein molecule is made from a long chain of these amino acids, each linked to its neighbor through a covalent peptide bond (Figure 3-1). Proteins are therefore also known as polypeptides.

Detailed explanation-3: -Answer and Explanation: The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called the primary structure.

Detailed explanation-4: -Translation involves “decoding” a messenger RNA (mRNA) and using its information to build a polypeptide, or chain of amino acids. For most purposes, a polypeptide is basically just a protein (with the technical difference being that some large proteins are made up of several polypeptide chains).

Detailed explanation-5: -Elongation is the stage where the amino acid chain gets longer. In elongation, the mRNA is read one codon at a time, and the amino acid matching each codon is added to a growing protein chain.