AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Because of its Y-shaped structure, this active region is called a replication fork (Figure 5-6). At a replication fork, the DNA of both new daughter strands is synthesized by a multienzyme complex that contains the DNA polymerase.

Detailed explanation-2: -The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’. The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA.

Detailed explanation-3: -First, a so-called initiator protein unwinds a short stretch of the DNA double helix. Then, a protein known as helicase attaches to and breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between the bases on the DNA strands, thereby pulling apart the two strands.

Detailed explanation-4: -The double helix describes the appearance of double-stranded DNA, which is composed of two linear strands that run opposite to each other, or anti-parallel, and twist together. Each DNA strand within the double helix is a long, linear molecule made of smaller units called nucleotides that form a chain.

Detailed explanation-5: -The replication process DNA double helix. Hydrogen bonds break and helix opens. Each strand of DNA acts as a template for synthesis of a new, complementary strand. Replication produces two identical DNA double helices, each with one new and one old strand.