AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each time an amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide during protein synthesis, a tRNA anticodon pairs with its complementary codon on the mRNA molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into the polypeptide.

Detailed explanation-2: -To determine the overall anti-codon sequence that will match a strand of mRNA, simply retranscribe the RNA sequence; in other words, write out the complementary bases. Using the previously noted mRNA sequence, the tRNA anti-codon sequence is A-A-T-C-G-C-U-U-A-C-G-A.

Detailed explanation-3: -mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons are complementary to each other. Codons in the mRNA bind to the anticodons in the tRNA during protein synthesis (translation). This relationship ensures the correct the amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Detailed explanation-4: -Anti-codons in the template strand are identified as groups of three bases, moving from the right end (5’ end) to the left end (3’ end); that is, moving in the direction of synthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -First, tRNA is able to represent only one amino acid to which it is covalently bound. Second, tRNA contains a trinucleotide sequence, the anticodon, which is complementary to the codon in mRNA representing its amino acid. The anticodon enables the tRNA to recognize the codon through complementary base pairing.