AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -DNA regulates the amounts and activities of intracellular proteins, these two have an overall effect on all aspects of cell behavior. DNA is therefore able to control cellular activities most directly by regulating the process of protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA controls cellular activities most directly by coding for the synthesis of Page 2 1) DNA becomes a specific part of the protein structure. 2) DNA determines the ribosomal RNA sequence that becomes part of the protein structure. 3) DNA determines which RNA molecules are incorporated into protein molecules.

Detailed explanation-3: -DNA controls protein synthesis by storing the genetic code for all proteins. The first step of protein synthesis involves copying DNA to mRNA during transcription.

Detailed explanation-4: -Thus, the synthesis of a protein is governed by the information in its DNA, with the help of messengers (mRNA) and translators (tRNA). In the nucleus, DNA is transcribed to RNA. The mRNA carries the message out of the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm where the tRNA helps translate the message to make a protein.

Detailed explanation-5: -The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the “central dogma.” Through the processes of transcription and translation, information from genes is used to make proteins.