THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
DNA MAKES RNA MAKES PROTEIN
|
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
|
Substitutions often change back but insertions do not
|
|
|
Substitutions cause frameshift mutations but insertions do not.
|
|
|
Substitutions change one chromosome for another but insertions just add more genes.
|
|
|
Substitutions only affect one amino acid but insertions can affect every amino acid from that point.
|
Detailed explanation-1: -What is the Difference Between Substitution Insertion and Deletion Mutations? Substitution mutations are mutations in which a base pair is replaced by a different base pair. Insertion mutations are mutations in which one or more nucleotides are added into the DNA sequence.
Detailed explanation-2: -A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single “chemical letter” such as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could: change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced.
Detailed explanation-3: -No, a base substitution does not always result in a different amino acid due to the Wobble Hypothesis. This hypothesis states that the third codon in the mRNA is degenerate and can be replaced by any base and still give rise to the same amino acid. This explains how multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.
Detailed explanation-4: -This substitution alters the sequence of the amino acids and has a significant effect on the function of the protein that is created as a result. The altered amino acid sequence causes the protein to be less effective and to have a different function than the “normal” protein sequence in Model 1.