THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
DNA MAKES RNA MAKES PROTEIN
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Detailed explanation-1: -The sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA molecule is read consecutively in groups of three. RNA is a linear polymer of four different nucleotides, so there are 4 × 4 × 4 = 64 possible combinations of three nucleotides: the triplets AAA, AUA, AUG, and so on.
Detailed explanation-2: -The strand of mRNA is then read in order to make protein. They are read 3 bases at a time. These bases are called codons.
Detailed explanation-3: -The next phase in translation is known as the elongation phase (Figure 6). First, the ribosome moves along the mRNA in the 5’-to-3’direction, which requires the elongation factor G, in a process called translocation.
Detailed explanation-4: -The mRNA bases are grouped into sets of three, called codons. Each codon has a complementary set of bases, called an anticodon.
Detailed explanation-5: -mRNA codons are read from 5’ to 3’, and they specify the order of amino acids in a protein from N-terminus (methionine) to C-terminus. Translation involves reading the mRNA nucleotides in groups of three; each group specifies an amino acid (or provides a stop signal indicating that translation is finished).