AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each group of three bases in mRNA constitutes a codon, and each codon specifies a particular amino acid (hence, it is a triplet code). The mRNA sequence is thus used as a template to assemble-in order-the chain of amino acids that form a protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -Redundancy in the genetic code means that most amino acids are specified by more than one mRNA codon. For example, the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) is specified by the codons UUU and UUC, and the amino acid leucine (Leu) is specified by the codons CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG.

Detailed explanation-3: -It is the messenger RNA codon that carries the message specifying a certain amino acid; it is the transfer RNA that transfers that amino acid to the growing protein chain. • The tRNA anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides that are the complement of the three nucleotides in the mRNA codon.

Detailed explanation-4: -The nucleotide triplet that encodes an amino acid is called a codon. Each group of three nucleotides encodes one amino acid.

Detailed explanation-5: -anticodon – a sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that bond to a complementary sequence on an mRNA molecule. The anticodon sequence determines the amino acid that the tRNA carries.