AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mutations can be neutral, harmful, or beneficial, though the neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that most mutations are “nearly” neutral or only slightly deleterious, while beneficial mutations-which confer a survival advantage on an organism and, if it reproduces, on its progeny-are quite rare.

Detailed explanation-2: -Just 5% of the human genome is subject to neutral evolution but this process remains central to understanding the history of human migration across the Earth.

Detailed explanation-3: -Neutral mutations are changes in DNA sequence that are neither beneficial nor detrimental to the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce. In population genetics, mutations in which natural selection does not affect the spread of the mutation in a species are termed neutral mutations.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mutations to this 10 percent can be neutral, beneficial, or harmful. Probably less than half of the mutations to this 10 percent of DNA are neutral. Of the remainder, 999/1000 are harmful or fatal and the remainder may be beneficial.