AP BIOLOGY

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THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

DNA MAKES RNA MAKES PROTEIN

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
Mutations can have point mutations which only affects a single nucleotide in the strand. These are insertions; deletions, and substitutions. These generally occur during the process of replication. Identify the correct description of of each point mutation.
A
Substitution one base is changed to a different base .
B
Insertion on base is inserted into a single spot along a strand of DNA.
C
Deletion is when a base taken out of a single spot along a strand of DNA.
D
All of these are good answers.
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -With base substitution mutations, only a single nucleotide within a gene sequence is changed, so only one codon is affected (Figure 1). Figure 1: Only a single codon in the gene sequence is changed in base substitution mutation.

Detailed explanation-2: -A point mutation is specifically when only one nucleotide base is changed in some way, although multiple point mutations can occur in one strand of DNA or RNA.

Detailed explanation-3: -Silent mutations occur when the change of a single DNA nucleotide within a protein-coding portion of a gene does not affect the sequence of amino acids that make up the gene’s protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -As mentioned, sickle-cell anemia is the result of a change in a single nucleotide, and it represents just one class of mutations called point mutations. Changes in the DNA sequence can also occur at the level of the chromosome, in which large segments of chromosomes are altered.

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