AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Within all cells, the translation machinery resides within a specialized organelle called the ribosome. In eukaryotes, mature mRNA molecules must leave the nucleus and travel to the cytoplasm, where the ribosomes are located.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ribosomes, large complexes of protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They receive their “orders” for protein synthesis from the nucleus where the DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Detailed explanation-3: -This initiator tRNA always carries the amino acid methionine (in bacteria, a modified form of methionine-formylmethionine-is used) so that all newly made proteins have methionine as the first amino acid at their N-terminal end, the end of a protein that is synthesized first.

Detailed explanation-4: -In eukaryotes, ribosomes get their orders for protein synthesis from the nucleus, where portions of DNA (genes) are transcribed to make messenger RNAs (mRNAs). An mRNA travels to the ribosome, which uses the information it contains to build a protein with a specific amino acid sequence.

Detailed explanation-5: -The nucleus is the most conspicuous organelle found in a eukaryotic cell. It houses the cell’s chromosomes and is the place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis occurs.