AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Scientists are experimenting with “green” microbes in the lab that could someday be used to gobble up oil spills along coastlines without damaging the environment.

Detailed explanation-2: -Induced mutations arise after treatment of the organism with an exogenous mutagen being physical or chemical agent increasing the frequency of mutations. Bacteria are simple and widely used models for examination of mutagenesis and DNA repair processes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pseudomonas putida is a bacterium that is used for scavenging of oil spills by digesting hydrocarbons of crude oil. Pseudomonas is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. It is useful because of its ability to decompose a variety of organic compounds.

Detailed explanation-4: -The first artificial genetic modification accomplished using biotechnology was transgenesis, the process of transferring genes from one organism to another, first accomplished by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973.