AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1).

Detailed explanation-2: -How are animals cloned? In reproductive cloning, researchers remove a mature somatic cell, such as a skin cell, from an animal that they wish to copy. They then transfer the DNA of the donor animal’s somatic cell into an egg cell, or oocyte, that has had its own DNA-containing nucleus removed.

Detailed explanation-3: -Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a common laboratory technique used to make many copies (millions or billions!) of a particular region of DNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cloning using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) [ 1]. This procedure starts with the removal of the chromosomes from an egg to create an enucleated egg. The chromosomes are replaced with a nucleus taken from a somatic (body) cell of the individual or embryo to be cloned.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means the two organisms share exactly the same DNA.