AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Proteins are biological polymers constructed from amino acids joined together to form peptides. These peptide subunits may bond with other peptides to form more complex structures.

Detailed explanation-2: -The subunits are held together by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces between nonpolar side chains. The subunits in a quaternary structure must be specifically arranged for the entire protein to function properly.

Detailed explanation-3: -A protein molecule is made from a long chain of these amino acids, each linked to its neighbor through a covalent peptide bond (Figure 3-1).

Detailed explanation-4: -Peptides are the long chains of amino acid residues that make up a protein subunit. Peptide chains can be divided up into functional regions, called domains, which may have particular structural or functional attributes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.