AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: The statement that “DNA replication occurs with or without the aid of enzymes.” is false. DNA replication is a highly controlled process, and cells cannot replicate their DNA without enzymes.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology states that DNA makes RNA makes proteins (Figure 1). The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription, and that by which RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Since DNA serves as the genetic material in cells, it has to be replicated before the parent cell divides so that each daughter cell gets an identical copy. Protein synthesis and translation are usually used interchangeably as they both result in the production of a protein sequence.

Detailed explanation-4: -The only false statement is that DNA replication of the lagging strand is continuous. The leading strand features continuous replication while the lagging stand is initially made up of discontinuous Okazaki fragments, which are sealed later by ligase.

Detailed explanation-5: -The correct answer is (D) RNA primase makes the RNA primer, while DNA Pol epsilon extends that primer with DNA. DNA polymerase epsilon is the enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA during replication.