AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A codon table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids. The standard genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNA codon table, because when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes, it is messenger RNA (mRNA) that directs protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Find a codon’s first base in the first column of the chart; stay in this row. Find the second base in the middle of the chart, stay in this box. Locate the third base in the far right column, this is the amino acid that matches the mRNA codon.

Detailed explanation-3: -A codon chart, sometimes called a genetic code, shows all of the possible three letter combinations of mRNA nucleotides, and for which amino acid each combination codes for. Generally, a codon chart has 16 large boxes, with four columns and four rows.

Detailed explanation-4: -The mRNA molecule is read, codon by codon, until a stop codon is reached. UAG, UGA, and UAA are all stop codons. They do not code for any amino acids.

Detailed explanation-5: -The transfer RNA (tRNA) is one type of RNA molecule. Its job is to carry the amino acid that matches the mRNA codon to the ribosome. The tRNA contains a three-letter code on one side and carries a specific amino acid on the other side.