AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A point mutation occurs in a genome when a single base pair is added, deleted or changed. While most point mutations are benign, they can also have various functional consequences, including changes in gene expression or alterations in encoded proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -Base substitutions are the simplest type of gene-level mutation, and they involve the swapping of one nucleotide for another during DNA replication. For example, during replication, a thymine nucleotide might be inserted in place of a guanine nucleotide.

Detailed explanation-3: -Substitution, as related to genomics, is a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide. The term can also refer to the replacement of one amino acid in a protein with a different amino acid.

Detailed explanation-4: -Base Substitutions Single base substitutions are called point mutations, recall the point mutation Glu—–> Val which causes sickle-cell disease. Point mutations are the most common type of mutation and there are two types.

Detailed explanation-5: -A point mutation is a mutation that takes place on a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence. It is also called a base-pair mutation or a base-pair substitution. A point mutation that does not lead to any harmful effects and does not change the sequence of amino acids in the protein is called a silent mutations.